Apparatus for producing high vacuums.



No. 778,221. PATENTBD B13027, 1904.

w. R. BURROWS. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HIGH VAGUUMS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 8, 1901.

1 I2 1- FINAL PUMP Fig. 1.

Witnesses COARSE PUMP ' Inventor I Q 'W'll'am Burrows wiw. I @442 lilo.778,221

' UNITED STATES Patented December 27, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE. J

WILLIAM R. BURROVVS, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO GEN- ERALELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 778,221, dated December27, 1904.

Application filed April 8, 1901. Serial No. 54,861.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM R. BURROWS, a

citizen of the United States, residing at N ewark, county of Essex,State of New Jersey,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus forProducing High Vacua, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improved apparatus for producing high 'vacua,and'is designed to facilitate the operations connected with thisprocedure, to enable alarger output of exhausted vessels per operator tobe produced than has been possible heretofore.

, exhaustion.

I provide a plurality of groups of lamps for management of eachoperator, either of which may be connected with either of two pumps, apreliminary pump by which the exhaustion is roughly effected and a finalpumpfor carrying the exhaustion to a more perfect state, and providecocks by which connection may be quickly made with either'group- Iprovide also means for expediting the chemical Ifind that excellentresults are produced by providing the apparatus with means for carryingon the exhaustion simultaneously in two groups of lamps, pumpconnections being provided by which either group may be instantlyconnected with the preliminary or final exhaust-pump.

The several features of novelty will be hereinafter more fully describedand will be definitely indicated in the claims.

' In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an apparatus embodyingmy improvements, Figure 1 is a front view of an equipment designed to becared for by a single operator. Fig. 2 is a detail of a heater to expe-vdite chemical exhaustion, and Fig. 3 is a detail of a pinch-cockcontrolling pump connections;

1 represents a framework for supporting two groups of lamps, theexhaustion and seal ing off of which are to be conducted by a singleoperator. On the front part of the bench are a series of pivoted levers2,3, 4:, 5, 6', 7 8, and 9, adapted to act as pinch-cocks forcompressing a piece of soft-rubber pipe 10 10*, the opposite ends ofwhich connect with the preliminarypump by meansof pipes 11 11 and withthe final pump, by which the vacuum is finished, by means of a pipe 12*.The rubber pipes 10 10 have each a plurality of lateral connections, asl3 13, one for each lamp of the group to be exhausted, which may be provided, as usual, with an elastic yielding noz- Zle into which. thetubulature of the lamp may be fitted. I have shown the groups ascomposed each of three lamps, one set only being shown mounted. Ifind byexperience that a' group of three is sufficient to occupy the operatorsentire time. More than this, however, may be used, if desired.- Thetubulature of each lamp is inserted in one of the lateral connections 1313, an air-tight joint with the pump being thus established. Thepinchcocks are arranged so that they may be quickly operated in groupsto save time. Cocks 3, 4, and 5 may be simultaneously depressed byoperating a finger-piece on the lever 4:, the other two levers beingcarried down by a cross-bar 14, extending across them, which may becushioned by a band of leather, as

indicated at 15. Similarly, levers 6, 7, and 8 may be simultaneouslyclosed. The pinchcock 2, which controls communication with thepreliminary pump, operates when depressed a rod 16, which forms part ofa crank-shaft to'trip a latch below described, holding the lever 5,controlling communication with the finishing-pump. Each pinch-cock whendepressed is held in that position against the retractile force of thecompressed rubber pipe 10 by a latch 17 17, &c., projecting throughaslot in the lever which operates the pinch-cock and provided with anotch, as clearly seen in Fig. 3, which looks the lever in closedposition, a helical spring 18 18, &c., connecting each latch with itscorre sponding lever. Thus any lever when depressed is held in theclosed position by the latch. Connection with the preliminary pump maybe established for all of the lamps by means of a pivoted lever 19,provided with a finger-piece 20 and across-bar 21, which spans the threelatches corresponding to l'evers'2, 3, and 4:. A cushioned stopcomprising a bent rod secured to the bench and having a cushion ofrubber, as shown at 22, arrests the levers when released. On a verticalframe supported on top of the bench are pivoted swinging clips, as 2323*, &c., counterweighted or otherwise mounted so as to normallygravitate upward from the front of the bench. Each of these clips isprovided with two insulated springs 24 2 1, forming the terminals of acircuit, by which the lamp-filament may be raised to incandescence or bywhich a high-potential charge may be intro-- duced to test the vacuum.

The circuit connections have not been shown, as they are of commonadoption in the art and are well understood by those familiar with theconstruction of incandescent lamps.

In connecting the bulbs to the pump after the moisture has been drivenoff in any suitable manner the tubulatures are inserted in the sockets13 18, &c., as shown in Fig. 1, and the pivoted clips are drawn out, andthe wire leads to the filament connected between the jaws of thespring-clips, the counterweight giving a light tension on the leads.\Vhile one group of lamps is being. finished another group is placed inthe second group of sockets and connected up with the pumps. In front ofthe bench in convenient reach of the operator is a handle, (shown brokenaway at 27, one for each group of lamps, by which a gas-burnercontaining three jets for each group of lamps may be drawn forward toheat the tubulature of the lamps, thus applying heat to the chemical inthe tubulature and facilitating a more perfect vacuum. Each group ofgasjets may be controlled as an entirety by the operating-handle andshifted forward or back at pleasure, the handle shifting a crank 25, bywhich gas is fed to the burners 26. This handle and crank may also bearranged to draw the burners from a position where they do not affectthe tubulatures of the lamp to a position close behind them, so that theflames play directly on the tubulatures, and it may also lower adeflector, which when the burners are in the back position is interposedbetween them and the tubulatures. The burner may be of any approvedconstruction for furnishing a Bunsen flame to be shifted in operativerelation to the tubulatures of the lamp, as indicated on the left sideof Fig. 1, the burners on the right side being in the back position andthe deflectors raised. In Fig. 2 is shown an end view of the burners asthey appear in Fig. 1, those for the left group being drawn up inproximity to the tubulatures, in which position the gas is turned on,and those for the right group being shown in the back position with thedeflector raised and the supply of gas lowered. By this .means after thelamp has been exhausted by the pumps the burners may be drawn forward towarm the tubulatures of the entire group and as quickly withdrawn whendesired. \Vith an organization of this sort an operator after placing agroup of lamps in the sockets opens the pinch-cock 2 and closespinch-cock 5, assuming that the group on the left is being put inconnection with the pump. This throws on the prelin'iinary pump, andwhile the lamps are being exhausted the operator may finish the chemicalexhaustion and seal oif the adjacent group on the right.

The cycle of operations in exhausting and sealing off is as follows:Suppose the left-hand group be on the final pump. Cock 2 is closed, 3,4, and 5 open. 6, 7, and 8 are closed, and 9 open. The operator putslamps in the righthand side of the exhausting ap 'iaratus, connectingthe wires in the clips at the top. He opens cocks 7 and 8, thus puttingthe preliminary pump on the right-hand group. He seals off the left-handgroup and closes cocks 3, 4:, and 5. He closes cock 9, which opens (Sand puts the final pump on the right-hand. group. 6, 7, and 8 are openand 9 closed, leaving the final pump on the right-hand group. He thenputs lamps in the left-hand side, opens cocks 2, 3, and 4;, and closes6, 7, and 8. He then closes cock 2, which opens 5, putting the finalpump on the left-hand group, after which a fresh cycle of operationsstarts, as above described.

hat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is

1. hleans for producing high vacua, comprising a group of vessels to beexhausted and two pumps either of which may be connected to the wholegroup, means by which disconnecting one pump from the vessels connectsthe other to them, and means for separately cutting off the pumpconnection of each individual vessel close to the vessel itself.

2. Means for producing high vacua, comprising a preliminary and a finalpump, pipes connecting the same with a plurality of groups of vessels tobe exhausted, cocks controlling the connections of either group witheither pump, and means for opening and closing the cocks in groups toestablish quick pump communication.

3. Means for exhausting incandescent lamps, comprising a preliminary anda final pump, pipes connecting the same with a plurality of groups oflamps, cooks for the several individual lamps, latches for locking themin a definite position against the tension of a retractile agency, andmeans for latching and unlatching them in groups to permit rapidconnection with the pumps.

1. Means for exhausting incandescent lamps or other vessels, com1'i'ising pump connections to a plurality of groups of sockets for thelamps, and movable heating devices arranged in groups to correspond tothe lamps adapted to be shifted to or from the lamptubulatures.

5. Means for exhausting incandescent lamps, comprising pump connectionsto a pluralityof groups of sockets for the lamps, ranges 778,221 v i I3' g of'gas-jets corresponding to said groups, and sels with eitherpump, means for separately means for shifting said ranges to and fromcutting off the pump connection of each indi- 5 the lam'p-tuloulatures.I vi dual vessel close to the vessel itself, and 6. Means for producinghigh vacua, commeans for opening and closing the cocks in 3 prising agroup of Vessels to be exhausted, two groups to establish quick pumpcommunicapumps either of which may be connected to tion.

the whole group, and means by which discon- In witness whereof I havehereunto set my 20 necting one pump from the vessels connects hand this30th day of March, 1901. the other to them. IO 7. Means for producinghigh vacua, comprising two pumps, pipes connecting the same Witnesses:with a plurality of vessels to be exhausted, S. N. WHITEHEAD, cockscontrolling the connection of the ves- JOHN E. MITCHELL, Jr.

WILLIAM R. BURROWS.

